Generally, drugs are given in multiple doses to treat chronic disease like arthritis,
hypertension, etc. After single-dose drug administration, the plasma drug level rises above so
falls below the minimum effective concentration (MEC), leading to a decline in therapeutic
effect. To treat chronic disease, multiple-dosage or IV infusion regimens are accustomed
maintain the plasma drug levels within the narrow limits of the therapeutic window (eg, plasma
drug concentrations above the MEC but below the minimum toxic concentration or MTC) to
realize optimal clinical effectiveness. These drugs may include antibacterials, cardiotonics,
anticonvulsants, hypoglycemics, antihypertensives, hormones, and others. Ideally, a dosage
regimen is established for every drug to produce the right plasma level without excessive
fluctuation and drug accumulation outside the therapeutic window.
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