The history of pharmacy profession can be traced back to third millennium BC in
Samaria. Samarian people, living in modern day Iraq, developed a cuneiform writing style on
clay tablets which included lists of drugs of animal, vegetable and mineral origin that were
used in the management of diseases, and prescriptions with details of the ingredients used
in their compounding. Greeks were one of the first patrons of pharmacy profession. Earliest
known records of preparation of medicines are Babylonian 2600 BC. The 'Ebers Papyrus' also
known as Papyrus Ebers' is a continuous of some 60 feet long and foot wide written
document dating back to 1550 BC. It includes 800 prescriptions (formulae), 700 drugs and
describes prescriptions and modes of administration of drugs.
Chapter 2 :-
Pharmaceutical package is an integral part of pharmaceutical product. It is defined as an
article or device which contains the pharmaceutical product and the container may or may
not be in direct contact with the product. The container which is designed for
pharmaceutical purpose must be stable. Pharmaceutical packaging material plays a vital role
in the stability of the pharmaceutical dosage form. Packaging should be such that it should
maintain the integrity of the dosage form, should be inert in nature, should not be fragile,
and should have good mechanical strength.
Chapter 3 :-
A vast number of chemical substances are extensively used in the manufacturing and
processing of pharmaceutical products and devices. Majority of these substances have little
or no therapeutic value and are necessary in the manufacture of various dosage forms to
perform various functiorns. Such substances are known as pharmaceutical aids" or
pharmaceutical necessities".
Chapter 4 :-
Pharmaceutical industry uses various unit operations such as size reduction, size
separation, drying, filtration, extraction, etc., to process materials to convert them into
products. These unit operations are based upon certain physical, chemical and engineering
principles. An understanding of these operating principles is a key to designing a robust
drug product manufacturing process. A thorough knowledge of these principles can
become useful in the design, development and scale-up of pharmaceutical unit operations
to monitor, control, and evaluate these individual unit operations and the quality of the
material produced from them. Unit operations gives an idea about science related to specific
physical operation; different equipment and its design, material of construction and working
and calculation of various physical parameters.
Chapter 5 :-
Oral route of administration is the most preferred route because of ease of ingestion,
avoidance of pain and patient compliance. Drugs may be administered orally as tablets that
contain a dose of drug which is given as a single unit. Amongst all the solid dosage forms,
tablet is the most popular and commonly administered dosage form because of its
convenience in self administration, its compactness and ease of manufacturing. According to
the Indian Pharmacopoeia pharmaceutical tablets are solid, flat or biconvex unit dosage
form, prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs, with or without diluents
Tablets may vary in size, shape, weight, hardness, thickness, disintegration and dissolution
characteristics and in other aspects, depending on amount of medicament/s, their intended
use and method of manufacture. All drugs can be formulated as tablet form except when it
is difficult to formulate or administer them.
Chapter 6 :-
pharmaceutical products such as medicines, cosmetics and drugs. The basic requirement of
any manufacturing plant is personnel and their functions. Within the working of a
pharmaceutical company lies a whole hierarchy of job positions, designations and roles. All
the jobs and departments together are responsible for the success and profit of the
organization. The organization structure of a "Typical" Pharmaceutical plant is categorized as
functional structure, product-oriented structure and matrix structure. Functional
organizational structure is present to some extent in most of the major pharmaceutical
manufacturing plants. Each function within the plant is organized separately and each
function reports to a specific function/department head. Some of the functional
departments in a pharmaceutical industry include manufacturing department, sales
department, marketing departments, research department and others.
Chapter 7 :-
Novel drug delivery
delivery system. NDDS refers to the approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for
transporting drugs in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effects.
NDDS are carriers which maintain the drug concentration in therapeutic range for longer
period of time within the body. It is a combination of advance technique and new dosage
forms which are superior to conventional dosage forms. These systems are net result of
ystem (NDDS) is for delivery of drug other than conventional drug
outcome in search of efficacious treatment of severe diseases.
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