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Summary of Topic 1 [ Introduction ] 

1. Dosage Form - Dosage forms are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components, in a particular configuration, and apportioned into a particular dose. 

Classification of dosage form :- 
  1. Solid Dosage Form
    1. Tablets
    2. Capsules
    3. Powder
    4. Granules
    5. Suppositories

  2. Liquid Dosage Form
    1. Syrup
    2. Elixir
    3. Suspension
    4. Emulsions

  3. Semi Solid Dosage Form
    1. Cream
    2. Ointment
    3. Gaseous
    4. Aerosol
    5. Inhalers

1. Tablet - Pharmaceutical tablets are solid, flat or biconvex dishes, Unit dosage form, prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs with or without excipients.

Advantages - They are unit dosage Easy to administer Enteric coating, Odour, and bitter taste by using coating technique

Disadvantages - Difficult for unconscious patients and children 

2. Capsule - Solid dosage form in which one or more drugs are inert substances are enclosed with in a small shell or container generally prepared from a suitable form of gelatin 

Advantages - They are smooth, become very slippery when moist and can be easily swallowed. They are economical Handle and carry is easy They are attractive in appearance

Disadvantages - The hygroscopic drugs cannot be filled in capsules. They absorb water present in the capsule shell and hence make it very brittle, which ultimately breaks into pieces. The concentrated preparations which need previous dilution are unsuitable for capsules.

3. Powders - A pharmaceutical powder is a mixture of finely divided drug or chemicals in a dry form meant for internal or external

Advantages - More stable than liquid More easy to swallow than tablet or capsule

Disadvantages - It is difficult to convert hydroscopic drugs into powder. Exact dose cannot be taken as in tablets.

2. PRESCRIPTION 
Definition : A prescription is the piece of paper on which your doctor writes an order for medicine and which you give to a chemist or pharmacist to get the medicine. 

Parts of Prescription :-
1. Date - Date must be written on the prescription by the prescriber at the same time when it is written. The date on the prescription helps a pharmacist to find out the cases where prescription is brought for dispensing long time after its issue. Prescriptions containing narcotic or other habit-forming drugs must bear the date.

2. Name, Age, Sex and Address of the Patient - Name, age, sex and address of the patient must be written on the prescription. If it is not written then, the pharmacist himself should ask the patient about these particulars and put down at the top of the prescription. This avoids the possibility of giving the finished product to a person other than the one it is meant for. Patient's full name must be written instead of surname or the family name. Age and sex of the patient especially in the case of children helps the pharmacist in checking the medication and the dose. Therefore, there will be less danger of its being administered to the wrong member of the family or the hospital ward having similar names. The address of the patient is recorded to help for any reference at a later stage, to contact the patient or to deliver the medication personally.