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Syllabus of Unit 4 :-

Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents :-
  1. Forskolin
  2. Sennoside
  3. Artemisinin
  4. Diosgenin
  5. Digoxin
  6. Atropine
  7. Podophyllotoxin
  8. Caffeine
  9. Taxol
  10. Vincristine and
  11. Vinblastine.

1. Forskolin

Forskolin (coleonol) may be a labdane diterpene produced by the plant Coleus barbatus (Blue Spur Flower). Other names include pashanabhedi, Indian coleus, makandi, HL-362, mao hou qiao rui hua. like other members of the big diterpene class of plant metabolites, forskolin comes from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Forskolin contains some unique functional elements, including the presence of a tetrahydropyran-derived heterocycle. Forskolin is often employed in laboratory research to extend levels of cyclic AMP by stimulation of adenylate cyclase.

2. Sennoside

Sennoside (also called senna glycoside or senna) may be a medication accustomed treat constipation and empty the massive intestine before surgery. The medication is taken orally or via the rectum. It typically begins working in minutes when given by rectum and within twelve hours when given orally. it's a weaker laxative than bisacodyl or purgative. Sennoside A, one among the Sennoside present within the laxative medication, has recently proven effective in inhibiting the ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) polymerase.

3. Artemisinin

Artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives are a gaggle of medication utilized in the treatment of malaria thanks to Plasmodium falciparum. It had been discovered in 1972 by Tu Youyou, who shared the 2015 award in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are now standard treatment worldwide for P. falciparum malaria further as malaria thanks to other species of Plasmodium. Artemisinin is extracted from the plant wormwood, wormwood, a herb employed in Chinese traditional medicine. A precursor compound may be produced employing a genetically engineered yeast, which is far more efficient than using the plant.