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Summary of Classification of Crude Drugs :-


CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE DRUGS
The most important natural sources of medication are higher plant, microbes and animals and marine organisms. Some useful products are obtained from minerals that are both organic and inorganic in nature. so as to pursue (or to follow) the study of the individual drugs, one must adopt some particular sequence of arrangement, and this can be cited a system of classification of medication. a way of classification should be:
  1. simple
  2. easy to use, and
  3. free from confusion and ambiguities.

Because of their wide distribution, each arrangement of classification has its own merits and demerits, except for the aim of study the drugs are classified within the following different ways:
  1. Alphabetical classification
  2. Taxonomical classification
  3. Morphological classification
  4. Pharmacological classification
  5. Chemical classification
  6. Chemo taxonomical classification
  7. Serotaxonomical classification

1. Alphabetical Classification
Alphabetical classification is that the easiest method of classifica-tion of any disconnected items. Crude drugs are arranged in alphabetical order of their Latin and English names (common names) or sometimes local language names (ver-nacular names)

2. Taxonomical Classification
All the plants possess different characters of morphologi-cal, microscopical, chemical, embryological, serological and genetics. during this classification the crude drugs are classified in keeping with kingdom, subkingdom, division, class, order, family, genus and species

3. Morphological Classification
In this system, the drugs are arranged in line with the morphological or external characters of the plant parts or animal parts, i.e. which a part of the plant is employed as a drug, e.g. leaves, roots, stem, etc. The drugs obtained from the direct parts of the plants and containing cellular tissues are called as organized drugs, e.g. rhizomes, barks, leaves, fruits, entire plants, hairs and fibres. The drugs which are pre-pared from plants by some intermediate physical processes like incision, drying or extraction with a solvent and not containing any cellular plant tissues are called unorga-nized drugs. Aloe juice, opium latex, agar, gambir, gelatin, tragacanth, benzoin, honey, beeswax, lemon grass oil, etc., are samples of unorganized drugs.

4. Pharmacological Classification
Grouping of drug consistent with their pharmacological action or of most significant constituent or their therapeutic use is termed as pharmacological or therapeutic classification of drug. This classification is more relevant and is generally a followed method. Drugs like digitalis, squill and strophan-thus having cardiotonic action are grouped no matter their parts used or phylogenetic relationship or the character of phytoconstituents.

5. Chemical Classification
Depending upon the active constituents, the crude drugs are classified. The plants contain various constituents in them like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, etc. no matter the morphological or taxonomical char-acters, the drugs with similar chemical constituents are grouped into the identical group.

6. Chemo taxonomical Classification
This system of classification relies on the chemical similarity of a taxon, i.e. it's supported the existence of relationship between constituents in various plants. There are certain kinds of chemical constituents that characterize certain classes of plants. this offers birth to completely a replacement concept of chemotaxonomy that utilizes chemical facts/characters for understanding the taxonomical status, relationships and also the evolution of the plants.