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Summary of Lipids :-

The lipids are an outsized and diverse group of naturally occur-ring organic compounds that are related by their solubility in nonpolar organic solvents (e.g. ether, chloroform, acetone, and benzene) and are generally insoluble in water. there's great structural variety among the lipids and comprise of fixed oils, fats, and waxes. The lipids of physiological importance for humans have the subsequent major functions :-
  1. They function structural components of biological membranes.
  2. They supply energy reserves, predominantly within the variety of triacylglycerol.
  3. Both lipids and lipid derivatives function vitamins and hormones.
  4. Lipophilic bile acids aid in lipid solubilization.

Definition - Lipids are fatty substances and similar which are found in plants and animals. Like carbohydrates and proteins constitute a crucial group of organic molecules with pharmacological use and form a heterogeneous range of chemical functions.

Initially, lipids are grouped supported its solubility characteristics, in general, are soluble in organic solvents like ether and chloroform and are insoluble in water.

Classification of lipids:-
Lipids may be classified into five groups in line with their chemical structure.

1. Fixed Oils and Fats : Esters of glycerin with fatty acids. E.g.: The oil. The fixed oils which are solids at temperature are commonly called greases. E.g.: lard.

2. Waxes : esters of monohydric alcohols of high relative molecular mass with fatty acids of high relative molecular mass. E.g. the fat obtained from spermaceti.

3. Sterols : Alcohols with the standard structure of cyclopentane phenanthrene (steroid). E.g. cholesterol and ergosterol.

4. Phospholipids : Esters consisting of glycerin, fatty acids, oxygen acid and a few nitrogenous compounds. the foremost important of this group are the lecithins.

5. Glycolipids : are substances isolated from brain and other sources which are supported the hydrolysis of fatty acids, galactose and nitrogenous compounds. thanks to the foremost common sugar present in these compounds is galactose they're also called galactolipids. These compounds haven't any pharmaceutical application.