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Syllabus of Unit 3 :-

Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system
  1. Organization and function of ANS
  2. Neurophumoral transmission,co-transmission and classification of neurotransmitters.
  3. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetic, sympatholytic.
  4. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
  5. Local anesthetic agents
  6. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma

1. Function of ANS :-

The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. It contains three anatomically distinct divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.

2. Local Anaesthetics Agents :- 

Local anesthetic agents could also be classified per their intrinsic anesthetic potency and duration of activity. Procaine and chloroprocaine are relatively weak, short-acting drugs. Lidocaine, mepivacaine, and procaine represent agents of intermediate potency and duration of action. Tetra Caine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine are highly potent, long-acting agents. The toxicity of local anaesthetics drugs is sometimes because of inadvertent rapid intravascular injection or extravascular administration of an excessive amount. Intravascular toxicity is correlated with intrinsic anesthetic potency, whereas toxicity following extravascular injections could be a function of physiological disposition characteristics of the varied agents, like rate of vascular absorption, rate of tissue redistribution, and rate of metabolism.

3. Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis may be a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness within the skeletal muscles that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. These muscles are answerable for functions involving breathing and moving parts of the body, including the arms and legs.

The name myasthenia, which is Latin and Greek in origin, means “grave, or serious, muscle weakness.” there's no known cure, but with current therapies, most cases of disease of the neuromuscular junction don't seem to be as “grave” because the name implies. Available treatments can control symptoms and infrequently allow people to possess a comparatively prime quality of life. most people with the condition have a standard anticipation.

4. Neurophumoral transmission

The term neurophumoral transmission designates the transfer of a impulse from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic neuron by means of a humoral agent e.g. a biogenic amine, an aminoalkanoic acid or a peptide. This process involves several steps, i.e. biosynthesis, storage, release, receptor interaction and inactivation of the transmitter. A neuromodulator modifies, for example the discharge of a transmitter by action on a presynaptic transmitter neuron. Biogenic amines may be released from non-synaptic nerve terminals and possibly exert a modulatory effect on other neurons.