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Syllabus of Remedial Biology
UNIT I- Living world
- Definition and characters of living organism
- Diversity in the living world
- Binomial nomenclature
- Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae, Virus,
- Morphology of Flowering plants
- Morphology of different parts of flowering plants - Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit, seed.
- General Anatomy of Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons & Dicotylidones.
UNIT II
- Body fluids and circulation
- Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood
- Composition and functions of lymph
- Human circulatory system
- Structure of human heart and blood vessels
- Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and ECG
- Digestion and Absorption
- Human alimentary canal and digestive glands
- Role of digestive enzymes
- Digestion, absorption and assimilation of digested food
- Breathing and respiration
- Human respiratory system
- Mechanism of breathing and its regulation
- Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration
- Respiratory volumes
UNIT III
- Excretory products and their elimination
- Modes of excretion
- Human excretory system- structure and function
- Urine formation
- Rennin angiotensin system
- Neural control and coordination
- Definition and classification of nervous system
- Structure of a neuron
- Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
- Structure of brain and spinal cord
- Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
- Chemical coordination and regulation
- Endocrine glands and their secretions
- Functions of hormones secreted by endocrine glands
- Human reproduction
- Parts of female reproductive system
- Parts of male reproductive system
- Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
- Menstrual cycle
UNIT IV
- Plants and mineral nutrition
- Essential mineral, macro and micronutrients
- Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation
- Photosynthesis
- Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments, Factors affecting photosynthesis.
UNIT V
- Plant respiration : Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic).
- Plant growth and development
- Phases and rate of plant growth, Condition of growth, Introduction to plant growth regulators
- Cell - The unit of life
- Structure and functions of cell and cell organelles, Cell division
- Tissues
- Definition, types of tissues, location and functions.
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